GDAL

"GDAL is a translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats that is released under an X/MIT style Open Source license by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation. As a library, it presents a single raster abstract data model and single vector abstract data model to the calling application for all supported formats. It also comes with a variety of useful command line utilities for data translation and processing."

http://www.gdal.org/

Supported Raster Formats - http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html

Supported Vector Formats - http://www.gdal.org/ogr_formats.html

Raster Utility Programs - http://www.gdal.org/gdal_utilities.html

Vector Utility Programs - http://www.gdal.org/ogr_utilities.html

Software Using GDAL - http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/SoftwareUsingGdal

Python Interface

http://gdal.org/python/

https://pcjericks.github.io/py-gdalogr-cookbook/

http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/wiki/GdalOgrInPython